Safavid costume parade at Persepolis, 1971
Geopolitical Analysis

Iran before
the Revolution

Iran has not always been as troubled as it is today. It was once seen as a champion of modernisation and a US ally. Today's conflicts are part of a longer-term cycle of openness and repression.

By Nicholas Paisner
Head of Content
13 April 2026
9 min read
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Test your prior beliefs

What do you think you know about pre-revolution Iran?

Answer quickly — then read on to see how the article challenges or confirms your assumptions.

Geography & power

The terrain that shaped a nation

Iran's geography is key to understanding its history. The country is ringed by mountain ranges, flanked by vast deserts, creating natural barriers that have made Persia almost impossible to conquer — but also kept its ethnic groups separate, necessitating centralised and often repressive governance.

Iran through time

A century of opening and closing

Scrub the timeline to move through Iran's political history. Watch alliances shift, borders harden, and the mood of the nation change.

For the investor

Historical turning points
— present-day implications

Tweaks